A strategic analysis of jetblue airways

A key investigation of jetblue aviation routes The US carrier industry patterns have caused aircraft organizations, including Jet Blue to battle for endurance. Retirement has caused a deficiency of pilots and educators. Flying schools experience less teachers and hours expected to prepare new pilots. In 2008, unrefined petroleum costs expanded to a record $140 per barrel (Thompson, Strickland, government representatives were entrusted to deal with all air terminal security. Expanded screening for stuff and travelers, size cutoff points on liquids and x-beam investigations. With the extra safety efforts, came budgetary weights to the carrier business. Stream Blue’s key plan When Jet Blue’s was established, David Nelleman needed air travel to caring and fun. The key purpose was to offer clients a low markdown aircraft transporter with the solaces of home. As the principal aircraft to offer electronic tagging, Jet Blue needed to postpone its trips as opposed to dropping them. Operators were permitted to telecommute and clients delighted in gourmet snacks, espressos, seat TVs with satellite radio and film stations. Stream Blue started to investigate expanding the investor and client esteems with the extension of New York’s JFK Airport with 8 am and 9 am flights. This was confident to Jet Blue officials; they needed to interest more youthful clients, wealthy New Yorkers, and those venturing out to New York City. Opening up this new terminal has spared $50 million in labor, fuel, and vouchers. Presently, the organization serves in excess of 53 goals (Thompson et al., 2010). JetBlue’s monetary targets and achievement in accomplishing Although Jet Blue’s stock dropped by half in the five years, incomes became 185% somewhere in the range of 2003 and 2007, their working costs became 222% during a similar period. The misfortune in income was accused on the expense of fuel (532% expansion) and intrigue cost (658% increment). Fly Blue chose to take a preservationist money related proce dure in which they kept up high fluid proportions comparative with the other significant aircrafts (Thompson et al., 2010). Fly Blue was millions behind the contender however grew new value capital and credit, which was expected to stay with the, and permit them to keep up solid liquidity. Evaluation of upper hand Cost. JetBlue works at a lower cost than its rivals. As indicated by Thompson, Strickland and Gamble (2010), JetBlue’s all out working costs were 12.17 per income traveler mile in 2008 versus $18.18 for American Airline, $18.18 for Continental, $20.95 for Delta, $13.85 for Southwest, $19.13 for United, and $21.45 for US Airways. Its planes, for example, the Airbus A320, would in general be more current than those of its rivals bringing about lower support costs and no upkeep related fines. The organization expanded flying time by limiting turnaround time. Reservation specialists worked at home bringing about cost investment funds when contrasted with a customary cal l place. These marks paid off making a significant upper hands as low working costs that different carriers didn't accomplish. Authoritative culture. JetBlue’s hierarchical structure was made dependent on five stages. In the first place, the company’s values were resolved. At that point, recruiting administrators chose representatives who reflected the company’s values. Next, the organization guaranteed that the organization surpassed representative desires and to tune in to clients. What's more, at last, the organization made an arrangement to drive greatness. The qualities built up by JetBlue were wellbeing, mindful, respectability, fun, and enthusiasm. For instance, George Forman flame broils were set up at the JFK terminal to permit representatives to have some good times. By just recruiting representatives that reflected those qualities, the organization could urge employing supervisors to be inventive during the recruiting procedure and to get rid of those that would not be a fit. By making these means a functioning piece of completing work, JetBlue built up a solid hierarchical culture.

Managing Environmental Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Overseeing Environmental Issues - Essay Example Fryxell and vryza (2007) state that the reproduction centers around three significant natural methods of reasoning on human obligation towards the earth. Instances of reenactment set up so as to oversee natural issues incorporate the human-centric view, biocentric see and moral extensionism. The model investigated by Fryxell and vryza (2007) investigates on how person bury and intra identifies with the common world and subsequently surveys how human exercises impacts on the indigenous habitat. Subsequently, this conversation adds to the basic investigation of the humankind duty in securing and dealing with the nature and his job in the earth. Natural equity alludes to the reasonable treatment that investigates the important inclusion of individuals particularly the minority and low-salary populaces into the turn of events, usage and implementation of the ecological laws, guideline and strategies as attested by Fryxell and vryza (2007). Therefore guaranteeing inclusion of unfavorable and frantic wellbeing impacts that are a weight to nature and influence additionally influence the individuals. Ecological equity is accomplished when everybody inside the earth can appreciate a similar level of insurance from nature and from wellbeing perils exercises of the populace. Natural reproduction targets getting to the dynamic procedure by the partners to have a solid situation wherein all the individuals can live, learn or work serenely with no unsettling influences (Fryxell and vryza, 2007). This is accomplished by encouraging open discoursed among numerous partners associated with dealing with nature. In doing this, reasonable treatment is accomplished in including a wide range of individuals from various piece of the world paying little mind to their race, shading, innovation or salary with a point of accomplishing a sound situation to assist all. There are numerous partners associated with the administration of ecological

A Short Essay About Cancer Free Essays

Short Essay on Cancer is characterized as the undesirable development of cells in any piece of the body. There are different reasons that lead to improvement of carcinogenic developments in the body. There can be different reasons that lead to destructive developments in the body. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Short Essay About Cancer or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Hereditary inclination and ecological factors together assume a significant job. Hereditary constitution of the body is something that can't be managed. In any case, controlling the outside ecological variables is in one’s hands. Dynamic or uninvolved smoking is probably the greatest reason that outcomes being developed of different malignant growths in the body. In a wellbeing study it has been obviously indicated that about 30% of the passings because of lung tumors were those of who either smoke effectively or are presented to uninvolved smoking. This information is evidence enough to portray the genuine entanglements of smoking. In addition, it isn't only the lung tissue that is influenced by smoking. Carcinoma of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, kidney, pancreas and other fundamental organs of he body are obvious. In excess of 6000 substances are discharged during smoking. Out of which 70 synthetic substances are referred to go about as cancer-causing agents. These synthetic compounds settle down in the covering of aviation routes and antagonistically influence the essential unit of breath the alveoli. Tobacco which is the principle element of smoking likewise prompts carcinoma of the oral cavity. The inwar d mucosa is seriously harmed and persistent presentation prompts unsalvageable harm. A smoker is multiple times at a higher danger of creating mouth malignancy when contrasted with non-smoker. The regularly influenced regions are underneath the tongue and lips in the oral depression. The indispensable organs of the body like liver, kidney, pancreas, colon and rectum additionally build up the danger of advancement of carcinomatous development. Ladies who smoke additionally endure an opportunity of creating bosom malignancy other than the above expressed sorts. Higher occurrences of cervical disease have been seen in ladies who smoke. As per scientists, 1 out 5 substantial smokers will bite the dust of lung malignant growth. The proportion for moderate smokers decreases to 1 out of 10 people. Another disturbing case is that among all the lung malignant growth patients just 0. 5% people are non-smokers. The remainder of the cases had a background marked by smoking. Lung malignant growth is one of the commonest sorts of disease that lead to death in most extreme number of patients all through the world. In the propelled phase of sickness other inaccessible organs of the body are additionally influenced and bring about serious difficulties. In the long run the entire physiological arrangement of the body breakdown. Other than malignant growth smoking prompts different other grave clinical infections. Influencing the working of heart, viz. Coronary thrombosis; influencing the visual perception and inclination to waterfalls and macular degeneration and in the long run vision misfortune; and cerebrum in cases like cerebral thrombosis; smoking represents a danger to the entire physiological arrangement of the body. Stopping smoking significantly ad libs the clinical soundness of the person. However, the danger of creating malignancy is higher than those people who have never smoked. In any case, by following a functioning life and eating well nourishment or more all swearing off smoking, one can generously let down his/her odds of creating malignant growth. Step by step instructions to refer to A Short Essay About Cancer, Essay models

The Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern States - 1100 Words

The Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern States (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: The Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern StatesNameInstitutionThe Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern StatesThe Middle Eastern region is one of the most unstable regions in the society today. Part of its instability is because of outside disturbances of outsiders attracted by oil. (Duicker 2013). When the Middle East first discovered oil, it was a major breakthrough in terms of development and wealth in this arid region. One would not be wrong to think that if it were not for oil Middle East, the geographical and historical importance of this area would have been insignificant to the world. In 1918 after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, a new mystery for oil products emerged. This is because the powerful Britain and France began demarcating the region to protect their economic and political interest in the area. For selfish reasons, these imperial powers vouched for corrupt leaders to lead the newly established states. From that time, the Mid dle East has never known peace and stability since the countries in that region under the government of military rule. However, the area has taken a turn for the worst with the growth of anti-Western sentiments, and Islamic has taken stage with the onset of oil discovery. Despite the fact that the Middle East has half of the world's oil reserves, the region's economy is still dwindling as it depends on imports of foreign goods and services. Economists believe that even with the vast natural resources, their political turmoil and surprisingly oil is the primary reason why the region lags behind other nations that lack such resources. They contend that for this Arab region and many other regions that have these vast natural resources cannot develop doe to the resource curse. It is remarkable to observe that those countries that have fewer natural resources are growing much faster than those that have these vast resources. For instance in the Middle East, most of the oil is tapped and processed by foreign firms in the sense that this region depends on external expertise and equipment to exploit the resource. The fact that a region can have vast resource also has a high living standard remains a puzzle. Askari (2006) Posits that an optimist views possession of oil as an unqualified blessing while a pessimist views the posseion of the resource as a predictable curse. However, to a realist, oil just like any other thing on earth could be both a curse and a blessing. The reason why oil should be a blessing is the easy way that the resource converts into a foreign earner. In Iran for instance, with the advent of the oil revolution, the revenues increased insanely with the export of the resource. The advantage was that with the export of large amounts of oil came in large amounts of revenue at its disposal. This meant that it had plenty of money to spend on the economy and the infrastructure. However, not only has the oil curse in the Middle East fueled underdev elopment and uprisings, it has contributed to political instability. Talk about authoritarian governments that disrespect people's rights, liberties, and democracy in general. The situation is in that with the fluctuation of the oil a price also leads to an unstable political situation in the Middle East. Critics have been of the opinion that there is never a time when oil and democracy go hand in hand. With this natural resource comes the wealth divide in that those who are capable of manipulating the system get excessively wealth, while the masses dwell in poverty. Essentially, the level of unaccountability in this situation is synonymous with corruption and hence the inequality in wealth distribution. Subsequently, royal families who happen to use oil as a tool of domination rule most of the Middle East States. Consequently, one of the key reasons why the Middle Eastern States still remain underdeveloped is the dependence on the export of Oil that finances a larger portion o f the national's revenue. For instance in Kuwait, Oil revenue facilitates 50 percent of the national income. Now, the dependence on oil revenue is an intricate situation in the sense that the demand for the product dictates oil export revenue. The price of oil always fluctuates and this means that at a time when the price for this commodity swings low, then the national revenues for these Middle East countries also get affected. This in turn affects the government's policies. Critics of resource curse have argued that any policies that are subjective to decision accrued from exploitation of natural resources are likely to be having negative effects. Furthermore, some of the effects such as poor governance, and suppression of the liberties of masses lead to exploitation of the natural resource. The effects are cyclical in nature. Principally, the more oil exploitation rakes in revenues in the country, the stronger an autocratic government is made. When it comes to development of h uman resource, the effects of the oil curse runs thick. Most of the students that live in the Middle East prefer to study Social and liberal arts as opposed to technical education, which is important for development of a country. With the culture that emanates from the Middle East, there are lesser local employees. Most employees are foreign expatriates who work in this field. Worse still, the locals expect payment in top dollar from their non-skilled labor. Essentially, one is likely to observe the extravagance that the elites display in the Middle East States by the elites who control the revenue accrued from oil. Rather than spend the income from oil to build their infrastructure, the elites prefer to spend the earnings on grandeur as they buy themselves into substantial political positions in the world. On the other hand, the poor masses hold protests every often on poor governance and suppression of their rights by the ruling elite. The elites surround themselves with the mili tary of whom they pay handsomely to protect their vast interests. The resource curse rears its ugly head as the leaders in the Middle East strive to maintain political power by using revenues accrued from oil. Therefore, as long as the revenue from oil trickles in, the state leaders stay on to power and use the same revenue to fragment opposing forces.Whitaker (2011) posits that the state procure sophisticated weaponry through oil revenues, which has been used to cause civil wars internally, and wars externally.... The Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern States - 1100 Words The Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern States (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: The Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern StatesNameInstitutionThe Blessing and Curse of Oil in the Middle Eastern StatesThe Middle Eastern region is one of the most unstable regions in the society today. Part of its instability is because of outside disturbances of outsiders attracted by oil. (Duicker 2013). When the Middle East first discovered oil, it was a major breakthrough in terms of development and wealth in this arid region. One would not be wrong to think that if it were not for oil Middle East, the geographical and historical importance of this area would have been insignificant to the world. In 1918 after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, a new mystery for oil products emerged. This is because the powerful Britain and France began demarcating the region to protect their economic and political interest in the area. For selfish reasons, these imperial powers vouched for corrupt leaders to lead the newly established states. From that time, the Mid dle East has never known peace and stability since the countries in that region under the government of military rule. However, the area has taken a turn for the worst with the growth of anti-Western sentiments, and Islamic has taken stage with the onset of oil discovery. Despite the fact that the Middle East has half of the world's oil reserves, the region's economy is still dwindling as it depends on imports of foreign goods and services. Economists believe that even with the vast natural resources, their political turmoil and surprisingly oil is the primary reason why the region lags behind other nations that lack such resources. They contend that for this Arab region and many other regions that have these vast natural resources cannot develop doe to the resource curse. It is remarkable to observe that those countries that have fewer natural resources are growing much faster than those that have these vast resources. For instance in the Middle East, most of the oil is tapped and processed by foreign firms in the sense that this region depends on external expertise and equipment to exploit the resource. The fact that a region can have vast resource also has a high living standard remains a puzzle. Askari (2006) Posits that an optimist views possession of oil as an unqualified blessing while a pessimist views the posseion of the resource as a predictable curse. However, to a realist, oil just like any other thing on earth could be both a curse and a blessing. The reason why oil should be a blessing is the easy way that the resource converts into a foreign earner. In Iran for instance, with the advent of the oil revolution, the revenues increased insanely with the export of the resource. The advantage was that with the export of large amounts of oil came in large amounts of revenue at its disposal. This meant that it had plenty of money to spend on the economy and the infrastructure. However, not only has the oil curse in the Middle East fueled underdev elopment and uprisings, it has contributed to political instability. Talk about authoritarian governments that disrespect people's rights, liberties, and democracy in general. The situation is in that with the fluctuation of the oil a price also leads to an unstable political situation in the Middle East. Critics have been of the opinion that there is never a time when oil and democracy go hand in hand. With this natural resource comes the wealth divide in that those who are capable of manipulating the system get excessively wealth, while the masses dwell in poverty. Essentially, the level of unaccountability in this situation is synonymous with corruption and hence the inequality in wealth distribution. Subsequently, royal families who happen to use oil as a tool of domination rule most of the Middle East States. Consequently, one of the key reasons why the Middle Eastern States still remain underdeveloped is the dependence on the export of Oil that finances a larger portion o f the national's revenue. For instance in Kuwait, Oil revenue facilitates 50 percent of the national income. Now, the dependence on oil revenue is an intricate situation in the sense that the demand for the product dictates oil export revenue. The price of oil always fluctuates and this means that at a time when the price for this commodity swings low, then the national revenues for these Middle East countries also get affected. This in turn affects the government's policies. Critics of resource curse have argued that any policies that are subjective to decision accrued from exploitation of natural resources are likely to be having negative effects. Furthermore, some of the effects such as poor governance, and suppression of the liberties of masses lead to exploitation of the natural resource. The effects are cyclical in nature. Principally, the more oil exploitation rakes in revenues in the country, the stronger an autocratic government is made. When it comes to development of h uman resource, the effects of the oil curse runs thick. Most of the students that live in the Middle East prefer to study Social and liberal arts as opposed to technical education, which is important for development of a country. With the culture that emanates from the Middle East, there are lesser local employees. Most employees are foreign expatriates who work in this field. Worse still, the locals expect payment in top dollar from their non-skilled labor. Essentially, one is likely to observe the extravagance that the elites display in the Middle East States by the elites who control the revenue accrued from oil. Rather than spend the income from oil to build their infrastructure, the elites prefer to spend the earnings on grandeur as they buy themselves into substantial political positions in the world. On the other hand, the poor masses hold protests every often on poor governance and suppression of their rights by the ruling elite. The elites surround themselves with the mili tary of whom they pay handsomely to protect their vast interests. The resource curse rears its ugly head as the leaders in the Middle East strive to maintain political power by using revenues accrued from oil. Therefore, as long as the revenue from oil trickles in, the state leaders stay on to power and use the same revenue to fragment opposing forces.Whitaker (2011) posits that the state procure sophisticated weaponry through oil revenues, which has been used to cause civil wars internally, and wars externally....

Analysis Of The Poem The Stranger - 1249 Words

In many works of literature, poetry and art, the sun is used to represent life, divine beauty and strength. In the poem Ah! Sunflower by William Blake for example, the sun represents joy and life. In the novel The Stranger, the author Albert Camus uses the sun in the opposite manner, making it serve as a negative motif throughout the novel. Conversely, Camus uses the sea as a motif to represent the positive and pleasurable feelings that Meursault actually wants to feel. The motifs of the sun and sea serves as representations of Meursault’s absurdist behaviors. Absurdism is the idea that humanity must live in a world that is and will forever be hostile or indifferent towards them. The universe will never truly care for humanity the way we seem to want it to (Cite). The physical world in general contributes to Meursault’s characterization. When he should be experiencing a rational feeling or emotion, Meursault becomes aware of the physical world around him. His awareness of the physical world becomes intense in times of negative events or pleasurable ones. Camus uses simple and short sentences to describe the natural world. This emphasizes the simplicity of nature, along with the simplicity of Meursault’s character, which demonstrates how close his relationship with nature is. Meursault’s sensitivity to nature contributes to why he can relate to it easier that he can to humans or society. He feels as if he can connect with it more. The sun and sea serve as tools forShow MoreRelatedGlimpses of Women in Overalls and Mrs Plum1379 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment an attempt at a detailed analysis of Karen Press’s poem Glimpses of Women in Overalls will be made. Following such an analysis I shall articulate how the poem raises comparable concerns with that of Mrs Plum written by Es’kia Mphahlele. I have selected this particular story due to the face that it I believe both works communicative similar themes, therefore I shall explore the comparison below. In order to provide a detailed analysis of the poem Glimpses of Women in Overalls it isRead MoreEssay about Poem Analysis - Miracles by Walt Whitman795 Words   |  4 PagesPoem analysis: â€Å"Miracles† by Walt Whitman 1. The first time I read through â€Å"Miracles,† it felt like the positive energy stored in the poem was jumping onto me. I am more of an optimistic person, so I tend to be positive in everything I do. I feel very blessed when I’m eating dinner with my family, when I’m with friends, when I’m riding a school bus, and when I’m looking at the sky. So, I could relate to this poem very well; it was like the poet read my mind. 2. People may say why make muchRead MoreEe Cummings Essay that analyzes five Ee Cummings poems and connects them together in style, etc.1576 Words   |  7 PagesE. E. Cummings, an author known for his various poems and other forms of artwork, wrote numerous works of poetry over a vast amount of subjects. While the subject matter of the poems differ, a few elements of Cummings style stays the same in virtually all his poems, some of which is important and some of which is not. The fact that Cummings uses enjambment in his poetry is a stylistic trademark that however annoying its use may be is consistent. Other stylistic trademarks of Cummings poetry areRead MoreThe Gift: Lies in Nature’s Lessons1406 Words   |  6 Pagesqualities of these poems are depicted, with the use of literary devices such as imagery and Tone. Nature is the underlying theme to both poems; however, they differ in that Thurston’s, River otters at play, is centered on unprincipled laws relating to love and communication. In contrast, to river otters at play, in mockingbirds the narrator has witnessed nature at its finest. 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An Analysis Of An Arctic Idol - 1436 Words

An Arctic Idol From mutants to aliens, superhumans and demigods, the idea of a hero has been an immense subject throughout our culture. Still, the superficial idea that heroes have some other quality that ranks them beyond human is reflected the most in movies and comics. What is the first thing that popped into your head when you heard the word hero—Superman? Ironman? Batman? The term shouldn’t be restricted to Marvel’s DC Universe characters. How we use the word hero should extend to everyday people like ourselves. Whilst you may describe a hero by doing something heroic, that doesn’t limit its use to godlike entities with superpowers. Although, people shouldn’t go branding everyone with a smiling face a hero. Portraying someone doing†¦show more content†¦Even though the definition of hero has changed drastically over the years, characters in The Odyssey, an epic that describes the journey of Odysseus trying to return to his home, Troy, exhibit traits that can apply to both the ancient and modern definition of a hero. The main character, Odysseus, isn’t the only one. For example, after being stuck on an island due to a storm, Odysseus and his crew are faced with a decision to either starve, or kill the sun god’s (Helios) cattle. One of Odysseus’ first mates, Eurylochus, was thinking about how that would affect the entire crew. After weighing the pros and cons, he stated: â€Å"Comrades,’ he said, ‘All deaths are hateful to us, mortal wretches, but famine is the most pitiful, the worst end that a man can come to. Will you fight it?† (879-83). Contemplating consequences, Eurylochus then decided that they would eat the cattle and suffer the wrath. The quote shows that Eurylochus was thinking about his crew, and was deciding on the best possible course of action for him and his men. He stated that he and his comrades would rather die from the gods than to suffer through famine. Consequently, his actions proved heroic—the first thing he thought of was how it would affect him and his crew. Then he put into action what he thoughtShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of An Arctic Idol 1378 Words   |  6 PagesAn Arctic Idol From mutants to aliens, superhumans and demigods, the idea of a hero has been an immense subject throughout our culture. The superficial idea that heroes have some other quality that ranks them beyond human is reflected the most in movies and comics. What is the first thing that popped into your head when you heard the word hero—Superman? Ironman? Batman? The term shouldn’t be restricted to Marvel’s DC Universe characters. 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Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Scandals of Volkswagen and Mitsubishi †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Scandals of Volkswagen and Mitsubishi. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the Volkswagen and ethical scandal which represents the failures associated with corporate social responsibility. The organization has been deliberate enough to set out on a specific design which works as a means to completely circumvent the control of the emission with a stratagem also called at the top level with the focus on providing the organization with an advantage which is unfair by nature over all competitors that was known as the worlds top car manufacturer where the large part that is based on environmental friendly cars. This scandal or the rejection or any ethical standards in manufacturing like engineering that has led to lot of scandals like resignation of the CEO along with head of Audi in RD department and engine chief of Porsche (Rhodes, 2016). All these actions make it clear that the CSR department of the company must have understood the current course of actions. The chain of command further led to the growth of specific lin es associated with software that can put the engine into evaluation mode and later return it dirty mode are also based on record and where all the evaluation must be also be documented well. It is important to understand here that people who were responsible can be recognized and must be found at every level all across the company. Background information about Volkswagen Volkswagen is one of the leading automobile companies in the world and it is also considered as the biggest car manufacturing in Europe. The base of the company was established in Germany in a city called Wolfburg and there are almost three lakhs and fifty thousand employees that are able to manufacture almost twenty two thousand vehicles every day. The production sites are situation in places like Europe, Africa, Asian and USA. The car business was segmented in two groups Audi and Volkswagen from 2002. The first set of production consists of brands like Bugatti, Bentley and Akoda in first brand group. The second set group of brand consists of SEAT, Audi and Lamborghini (Smith and Palmqvist, 2016). The company also aspires to increase the focal point for the business along with decreasing the cost of production and also improves the level of profitability. The PDM which is also known as product data management for this company will be able to chain the team for engineering as well as operating at many locations that can enlarge all across the place. From the perspective of IT, there is high scale of division on geographic location which is actually apparent associated with information management, contact and accessibility. Key issues in Ethics/ CSR and its impact on Volkswagen business In 2015, the company has been featured as emission based scandal as a lot of mistakes that can be understatement and the justice department of USA has also sued the company in the federal court where the efforts taken by the company are questioned in order to restore the overall credibility as well as accusing the organization based on impeding along with obstructing the inquires and provide with incorrect information. The company also operating with staggering eleven million diesel vehicles because the 2009 model with software known or termed as defeat device utilized to cheat with number of tests in emissions when it was not evaluated and the vehicles manufactured by the company emit forty times above the permissible limit especially nitrogen oxide pollutants (Zhukova, 2016). This is why, scandal based on emissions that can be disturbing case based on systematic fraud by the corporate that has harmed consumers health, government and the well-being of people in the communities with Volkswagen has been provided the license to function. The influence of such crisis lasts for a very long period of time and the market value of the company is dropped by twenty three percent by the year 2015 and it is also important to admit to cheating associated with diesel emission. The sales of the company in USA have diminished almost twenty five percent by 2015. The total cost estimated in this case of scandal is above eight billions of dollar. It is also very challenging to fix all the invisible as well as long term harms for the company like the negative influence on trust of the brand along with its reputation. Level of customer satisfaction, morale as well as loyalty of employees and confidence of investors was also at stake. In addition, there are number of externality influences and there is also deception which is also perpetrated by the company and it also tarnish the goodwill of other competitors and corporations are also associated with many unrelated industries however, the company has also undermined the trust of people in the organization and raised the cynicism of consumers about the concern of green washing and other concepts (Jung and Park, 2017). The company has rigged or damaged the diesel engines to falsely test the emissions which are shocking by nature. It is important to understand here that the business leaders may not be right all the time but the case Volkswagen is on another level. The misbehavior by the corporate was baffling and the business sustainability and CSR or business leadership became a big question mark for the society. There is a popular myth in finances which says that the goal of the company is based on increasing the overall value of the shareholder. The myth is also based on believing that the present investors must care just about the price of the stock and it must not impact the society. Most probably this myth was based on the company decision to install this software called as defeat software from sudden market reaction where the share prices further dropped where billions were wiped from the overall value of the company. Therefore, all kind of unethical approach always destroys the overall value of share (Zhukova, 2017). Volkswagen actions to address the issues The company is still trying to cope up with the damage and the company can still salvage itself from the issue but the action taken by the company is not taking the right steps. There are multiple other examples which can be become a perfect example for the company like when Nike faced public outrage and mass boycott against labor practices adopted by the company and from that time the company has implemented worked on the image and it has turnaround completely. The company has also settled and forced a proper code of conduct for number of practices associated with labor and hire professionals from outside in order to audit the suppliers and raise the level of transparency for the labor based practices by discussing the performance for the yearly CSR activities. The company was later applauded for the current leadership that partners with independent sectors for companies like Fair Labor Association to focus on industry based changes or transformations in building sustainable chain o f supply (Zhukova, 2017). The company took an important step in rectifying situation, the company kept around six billion of Euros to utilize towards fixing the automobile so that it can comply with the standard of pollution. This also seems as a big amount of money and in real life, it is almost equal to half year profit of the company. The company is also facing a lawsuit of three billion euro and could possibly face a lot of prosecutions. In fact in US, the company is also facing many types of fines which are raising the amount of compensation. It is also important to understand that the market of Europe has taken almost forty percent of the profit of the company while US only account for six percent of the current unit sales. Therefore, the challenges in the market are much more crucial as per the agenda of the company. At the same time, standards for diesels in this continent are not properly tested as well as enforced for USA. The company has provided so many apologies; compan y has also announced a recall for all the automobiles with diverse engines of TDI. The top managerial staff like CEO had to resign immediately and other managers were also suspended after the scandal (Zhukova, 2017). The head office of the company in Germany and other parts of the world were also raided and investigated. In addition, it is also impossible to say that just a few people were the active part of manipulating the present software. Most probably, the company has taken a bad or wrong decision which was later accompanied by wrong strategy however; the scandal was very big to call it as an accident. Companies also has an accountability to be more honest as well as open to owners should be responsible for the stakeholders. At the same time, this was more than a simple issue for a simple solution. This case consists for more complicated theories that also deal with the varied theories. Recommendation Re-branding: in last so many years, the company has become an international brand and it is one of the biggest car organizations all across the world. There are some companies who also believe that scandal must be forgotten very soon and other directors of the company have discussed the possibility of reinitiating the organization under new brand name (Crte, 2016). When the company reinitiate with new name, this may further improve the level and image of the brand to have an organization which is small and more effective than the present group of Volkswagen. The concept of re-branding further makes it easier for the organization to speed up the level of effectiveness program with potential to save the image of the company. The concept of rebranding can be very expensive by nature and it is also a risky business, since it can decrease the negative publicity that has also caused by any kind of scandal. It is also important to understand here the concept of rebranding must aim on so man y exterior transformations however it also changes in different aspect of the organization. Joining an agency for independent verification: the company has an internal team to evaluate emission of vehicles and the company must also partner with other agency for independent verification in order to build the trust of the consumer. There are some agencies where the company should consider partnering up and it includes the World Business council for development in a sustainable manner along with associations like Fair Labor Association, Federal Trade commission and many more (Zhang et al., 2016). Posting a Bond: this method should also regain the trust of consumers is for the companies to post a bond that make sure in the public that this kind of thing will never happen again. It is also an indicator for trust and credibility for the people of the company. The company can also state that if there is any kind of fraud done again by the company or within boundaries of the company, they will have to pay compensation for it to European Commission automotive industry (RAHUMAN, 2017). This will further encourage the regulators of European Commission should be strict and the audit must be thorough by nature. The money should also be utilized towards the RD associated with green automobiles with decarburization for so engines in a conventional manner and IT infrastructure. The bond also requires to be established at with high amount so that customers will understand that the company must regret the fraud or cheating the standards for emissions. The company is big with so many assets and many popular brands and therefore to finance the bond, the company should sell one of their brands. Conclusion This case of Volkswagen is an example on how any businesses must not be approached the strategy of social responsibility and sustainable development. In order to deceive stakeholders by paying treating sustainability and lip service with this phase is never going to provide a true or right kind of value for the organization nor for the community. At the same time, it must be engendered by major amount of cost and expenses. As per research where value of business is developed when the social responsibility and sustainable development must be embedded in the culture of the organization and strategies for the core business (Severinaite, 2017). When this is done in right manner, the organization should also gain advantages from a more corporate image which is favorable for the customer loyalty with high morale for employees and increased learning for organization and effective core competencies. Reference Crte, R., 2016. The Volkswagen Scandal from the Viewpoint of Corporate Governance.European Journal of Risk Regulation,7(1), pp.25-31. Jung, J.C. and Park, S.B., 2017. Volkswagens diesel emissions scandal.Thunderbird International Business Review,59(1). RAHUMAN, M.R.A.H., 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility: Does it Really Matter? Case study on Emission Scandals of Volkswagen and Mitsubishi.International Journal for Innovation Education and Research,5(7), pp.24-39. Rhodes, C., 2016. Democratic business ethics: Volkswagens emissions scandal and the disruption of corporate sovereignty.Organization Studies,37(10), pp.1501-1518. Severinaite, I., 2017. From Greenwashing Machine to Mean Green Sustainable Machine: Recommendations For Building Credibility in CSR Communications.Journal of Promotional Communications,5(1). Siano, A., Vollero, A., Conte, F. and Amabile, S., 2017. More than words: Expanding the taxonomy of greenwashing after the Volkswagen scandal.Journal of Business Research,71, pp.27-37. Smith, J. and Palmqvist, J., 2016. Emission: ImpossibleCSR Protocol: A quantitative study of brand trust and the Big Five personalities. Zhang, B., Marita, V., Veijalainen, J., Wang, S. and Kotkov, D., 2016. The Issue Arena of a Corporate Social Responsibility CrisisThe Volkswagen Case in Twitter.Studies in Media and Communication,4(2), pp.32-43. Zhukova, V., 2016. Volkswagens 2015 crisis. A new challenge for CSR and excuse for consumers scepticism. Zhukova, V., 2017.Volkswagens 2015 crisis. A new challenge for CSR and excuse for consumers scepticism: Communication and actions that could reduce consumers scepticism. GRIN Verlag.

Your Arsenal free essay sample

Morrissey, a British pop singer, has made his claim to fame with four solo albums since his separation from his former group, The Smiths. The slightly strange profoundness of Morrisseys latest release, Your Arsenal, may prove it to be his best yet. The ten all-new songs on the album range from the rhythmic rock tunes, Youre Gonna Need Someone on Your Side and Glamorous Glue, to the slow and somber Well Let You Know and Seasick, Yet Still Docked. The complexity and political undertones in the lyrics of The National Front Disco make it one of the most interesting on the album. We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful will really make you want to sing along as Morrissey breaks into a fit of laughter in the lyrics. Every song on the album is a masterpiece of originality. Morrissey will make you laugh, cry, depress you and enchant you. We will write a custom essay sample on Your Arsenal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you like British music or just appreciate an artist with a uniquely talented voice, Morrisses Your Arsenal is definitely worth listening to. n

John Fitzgerald Kennedy essays

John Fitzgerald Kennedy essays Its June of 1961 and a wall has just started to be constructed to separate a nation. The United States needs to send a man to spread good will and build unity among Americas allies. Who is this man? Who could be such a diplomat? America sent their 35th President, John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Kennedy was a democrat, the first Roman Catholic to hold office, and the youngest President to date. He was educated at Harvard University and The London School of Economics. After graduation he decided to join the navy. As a veteran of World War II, Kennedy received the Purple Heart and the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. JFK began his political career in 1946 when he was elected into the House of Representatives. In 1956 he furthered his career by becoming the Senator of Massachusetts, defeating one of Eisenhowers close supporters. Only three years before had he gotten married to his socialite wife, Jacqueline Bouvier. Although his religion and age were considered major barriers to his presidency, Kennedy won seven primaries; making him the Democratic candidate. He was a supporter of the civil-rights legislation and a prominent internationalist. World War II had ended about twenty years prior and a defeated nation was rebuilding. Germanys growing dissatisfaction with their economic and political conditions pushed them to the breaking point. East Germany is under Soviet control and West Germany is becoming a democratic nation. To separate the poverty stricken West from the rebuilding East, the USSR decided to build a huge wall to keep them divided. Early in the morning of Sunday, August 13, 1961, under the leadership of Erich Honecker, East and West were separated by barbed wire and antitank obstacles. Streets were torn up and barricades of paving stones were erected. Tanks gathered at strategica ...

BRIDGING THEORY AND PRACTICE LEADERSHIP Assignment

BRIDGING THEORY AND PRACTICE LEADERSHIP - Assignment Example Due to the importance and relevance of leadership, there are several academic and professional studies that have been conducted on it to make its application and usage very simple and forthcoming. It is not surprising therefore that there are several theories of leadership in the academic world. The question that remains however is the level to which these leadership theories are applied in professional world. The essence of this paper is therefore to examine how the gap between theory and practice leadership can be bridged. This process is undertaken by examining the life of a world renowned leader on how this leader has contributed to society and used various leadership behaviors. The paper concluded with recommendations on how the leader can improve on the type of leadership style practiced. Biography of the leader Mary Nichols is the leader, whose personal and professional is examined as a case study in this paper. Mary Nichols holds a B.A from Cornell University and has J.D from Yale Law School, which earned her one of her earliest careers as a journalist with The Wall Street Journal. She worked as an attorney with specializations in the areas of environmental and health science from 1971 to 1974. As a professional, Mary Nichols takes leadership at the California Air Resources Board (CARB) as the head of the organization. Her current position comes as a result of rising through the ranks in the CARB. This is because under Governor Jerry Brown, Mary served at the CARB from 1975 to 1982 (Tett and Burnett, 2003). She them left her position for other engagements, which were however related to environmental leadership. In 2007, Mary Nichols was back to CARB ahead of Govenor Brown’s recall to the statehouse, and this time she acted for four years. Today, she heads the CARB but before she worked with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, where she was the Assistant Administrator of Air and Radiation, consolidating her experience and depth of k nown as an environmentalist. Generally, the legacy of Mary Nichols at her position remains her accolade as a fierce advocate for the institutionalization of what has been described as cutting edge technology that has not only transformed her state but her nation and the world as a whole (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2001). Specific to her credit are the successful push through with policies that have brought about boosting in fuel economy, the cutting of acid rain and reduction in the impact of greenhouse gases on the environment. Mary has been tagged by international media and environmental advocates as a woman who leads with global standards. Interestingly, Mary Nichols attributes her successes to the cooperation and united spirit she has had from the entire people of California and subordinates who work under her. Into the future with Nichols, California is looking at the reduction of harmful diesel pm through the adoption of California’s diesel truck rules in 2014 by 7 tons a d ay and 3 tons a day in 2023 (Tett and Burnett, 2003). Contributions to society/organization As a third timer at the California Air Resources Board (CARB), and working under three different heads of states, there are several contributions that can be outlined of Mary Nichol in terms of how she has transformed the organization within which she works and society as a whole. As far as her organization is concerned, Mary Nichols will be credited with structural and organizational changes at CARB. Analysts have said that there were clear differences in Mary Nichols from 1975 to 1982 at CARB and the Mary Nichols who is today the head of the same organization. This is because she contributed to a restructuring exercise that

What i lern from class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What i lern from class - Essay Example Mentally, the sport has made me alert. I always used to be lazy but I found that to play well one must have one-pointed concentration. There has to be hand-eye coordination which demands concentration on what you are doing. Thus it has improved my concentration power. Another thing I realized is that since the total concentration is on the game, the mind is not free to think or worry. Perhaps this is the reason that one feels relaxed after playing the game, as during the period one is engaged in the game, the mind is free of anxieties. Concentration on the game being played has another advantage. The mind has no time to think whether I will win or lose. One just plays. This means the work is done without thinking of the results. If the mind if diverted even for a second, we can make a mistake in striking, thereby spoiling the game. The game has also helped me gain confidence in talking and interacting with others. I used to be very shy but since I have started taking lessons, we have to mix with others and play together. This game promotes interpersonal relations and it has helped me develop confidence in my abilities. I did not know that I possess certain abilities such as the ability to get along with others. Now, I look forward to playing Table Tennis as it is a great leisure activity. However, it demands stamina, strength and one has to be agile. To undertake even the training lessons, one needs strength because the different strokes that one has to play is like a workout where all the limbs receive full exercise. Another major advantage with Table Tennis is that it is an indoor game and one can play whenever one wants. It is not dependent on the weather and all it requires is just another partner. In fact, to train and learn, one can even play alone. I have been so motivated by the numerous benefits of the game and fascinated by the game itself

Envious longings Essay Example for Free

Envious longings Essay Desire of wealth in ‘The Necklace’ by Guy De Maupassant and ‘Neighbors’ by Raymond Carver Desire of wealth can be considered as the principal cause of the chaos in the world. Desire for wealth makes our society a real pandemonium. Desire for wealth triggers innumerable problems in the life of human beings. Absence of desire for wealth would have made this world a real paradise. Desire for wealth made human beings devalue relationships, health, morality and other crucial aspects of life. Endless desire for wealth torments the life of people and deprives them of their happiness. Still the quest for wealth never ends. Several literary works examine the disastrous consequences of desire for wealth. The Necklace by Guy De Maupassant and Neighbors by Raymond Carver are two short stories that have ‘desire for wealth’ as a major theme. The short story, The Necklace is a warning against the desire for wealth. In the short story we find Mme. Loisel, whose thirst for wealth and luxury destroyed her life. Mme. Loisel wanted to live a life of luxury and comfort like any other women. She was not ready to live with the simple income of her husband. She desired for expensive jewelry and costumes though her husband had a small income. She wanted to be a society woman who wears expensive dress and jewelry. Mme. Loisel was crazy to enjoy life to the fullest. This attitude is evident throughout the story. She loved to dress like the rich women of her society. She desired to attend parties like her contemporary society women. When she sat down for dinner at the round table covered with a three-days-old cloth, opposite her husband, who took the cover off the soup-tureen, exclaiming delightedly: Aha! Scotch broth! What could be better? (Guy De Maupassant, 2003). She imagined delicate meals, gleaming silver, tapestries peopling the walls with folk of a past age and strange birds in faery forests; she imagined delicate food served in marvellous dishes, murmured gallantries, listened to with an inscrutable smile as one trifled with the rosy flesh of trout or wings of asparagus chicken (Guy De Maupassant, 2003). Mme. Loisel loved delicious meals and similar entertainment. She did not desire a simple life inside the four walls of her house. She dreamt nothing but luxury. Mme. Loisel was not happy with her humble family situation. She was not comfortable with her house which had no modern amenities. She was highly bothered of social status. She was as unhappy as though she had married beneath her; for women have no caste or class, their beauty, grace, and charm serving them for birth or family, their natural delicacy, their instinctive elegance, their nimbleness of wit, are their only mark of rank, and put the slum girl on a level with the highest lady in the land (Guy De Maupassant, 2003). We read in the short story that Mme. Loisel lived in frustration because of her poorness. She could not help the worn chairs, mean wall, simple curtains and other humble things of her house. She compared herself to other women of her class. She too desired to live a life of his social status. This very thought tormented her. The situation of the little Breton girl evoked hopeless dream in her mind. She imagined silent antechambers, heavy with Oriental tapestries, lit by torches in lofty bronze sockets, with two tall footmen in knee-breeches sleeping in large arm-chairs, overcome by the heavy warmth of the stove (Guy De Maupassant, 2003). She did not contain with her humble belongings. She wanted to live the life of high social status. She imagined vast saloons hung with antique silks, exquisite pieces of furniture supporting priceless ornaments, and small, charming, perfumed rooms, created just for little parties of intimate friends, men who were famous and sought after, whose homage roused every other womans envious longings (Guy De Maupassant, 2003). Mme. Loisel desired a luxurious life. She wanted to dress up like rich women. She believed that she was made for expensive dress and jewels. She always desired to be charming, attractive and sought after. She was unhappy with her life as she had to live with the meager income of her husband. We find in the short story how the craze for wealth made her life topsy-turvy. We find that her vanity made her borrow the necklace which she lost. Her life turns out to be miserable because of this. Her endless thirst for wealth and luxuries made her lead a difficult life later. Neighbors by Raymond Carver also speak about the craze for wealth and its dangerous consequences. The short story includes a plot that includes the life of Bill and Arlene Miller, the couple who takes care of the Stone’s apartment. It is very much evident in the short story that there is a close relationship between the couples. Bill and Arlene understand that their lives are not exciting like the lives of their neighbors. As Stone’s leaves their house for their vacation, Bill goes to their house to feed the cat and water the plants. Gradually Bill becomes interested in the possessions of his neighbor. His desire for wealth and luxury makes him crazy for his neighbor’s possessions. We find him exploring his neighbor’s house and their belongings. He starts enjoying his time in the neighbor’s house. We find him taking leave from work to go to the neighbor’s house and spend time there. He feels that the house has some magical quality to make time fly off. It is also amazing to note that the sex drive of Bill and Arlene also increases when they spend time in their neighbor’s house. Their craze for the neighbor’s luxurious life made them spend more time there. Like Bill, Arlene also loves to visit neighbor’s life often. The couple does love searching along the things in the apartment. The story ends when then couples forget the key in their apartment and getting locked out of it. The story helps us understand how useless it is to compare our lives with others and desire for their wealth. Like Mme. Loisel in the short story ‘The Necklace’, the couples in the short story ‘Neighbors’ also became foolish enough to desire other’s wealth and possessions. The lust for luxury and wealth resulted in their downfall. Desire for wealth is a destructive character. Lusting for luxury and wealth destroys peace, breaks relationships, degrades character and makes life miserable. Contentment is the key to happiness. Desiring for more wealth and possessions causes immense problems. Like Mme. Loisel in the short story ‘The Necklace’, the couples in the short story ‘Neighbors’, those who run after wealth run into problems and miseries. Craving for luxuries and wealth is therefore the most destructive nature of human beings. Works Cited Guy De Maupassant (2003) The Necklace and Other Tales, Modern Library. Raymond Carver (1971) ‘Neighbors’.

Essay: Analysis of Sonnet 33 -- Sonnet essays

Analysis of Sonnet 33 Full many a glorious morning I have seen Flatter the mountaintops with sovereign eye, Kissing with golden face the meadows green, Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy, Anon permit the basest clouds to ride With ugly rock on his celestial face And from the forlorn world his visage hide, Stealing unseen to west with this disgrace. Even so my sun one early morn did shine With all-triumphant splendor on my brow. But out, alack! he was but one hour mine, The region cloud hath masked him from me now Yet him for this my love no whit disdaineth, Suns of the world may stain when heaven's sun staineth. This sonnet houses nature imagery, personifying certain elements of nature. 1-2: 'Ý have seen a large amount of glorious mornings' "flatter the mountaintops with (a) soverign eye." The sun here is the eye of the morning, making the latter in semblance of a person. Using "sovreign" to describe the "eye" gives the reader the impression of the sun as, perhaps, the ruler of natur...

Ashoka Maurya’s Conversion to Buddhism: Effect on the History of India Essay

Ashoka Maurya was one of the most influential leaders in India’s history. The British historian H. G. Wells in his work The Outline of History said of Ashoka, â€Å"amidst the tens of thousands of names of monarchs that crowd the columns of history†¦ the name of Ashoka shines, and shines almost alone, a star† (94). Ashoka’s eventual aversion to violence and war, his honesty in admitting his mistakes, and his concern for the welfare of his people not only made him shine as brilliantly as a star, but also dramatically changed the history of India. Yet since many legends were simply nothing more than a popular yearning for an exemplary ruler, none of the references were taken too seriously at first. Ashoka was portrayed as too good to be true: the ruthless, cruel leader who saw the light and transformed into the supreme benevolent ruler. When he was evil, Buddhists legends contended he killed ninety-nine brothers to obtain the throne after his father. As the transformed benevolent king, Buddhist legends claimed he built 84,000 monasteries and almost as many stupas in one day. Scholars did not take this king too seriously. Renewed interest in this legendary figure came with the discovery of rock and stone pillars containing edicts engraved during the reign of Ashoka. In 1879, Alexander Cunningham published a translation of these inscriptions. Even more engravings were discovered with the latest four found in 1969. These stone inscriptions provided a rare access to the personalized edicts dictated by Ashoka and thus, were a primary source concerning this king. Gradually, as rock and pillar inscriptions were scrutinized, scholars began to consider Ashoka a legitimate historical figure and to evaluate his place in India’s history. The rock and pillar edicts were critical in understanding and documenting the changes Ashoka brought to India for they were a record in his very own words. Romila Thapar described the benefit of these exclusive inscriptions: â€Å"It is rare in Indian history to have access to the personalized edicts of a king†¦ in this we are fortunate† (Thapar 16). Ashoka’s edicts, engraved on rocks and stone pillars between 264 and 262 BCE, were scattered throughout India, Nepal, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The location of the rock engravings was governed by the accessibility of suitable slabs of stone. The pillars, on the other hand, were placed in very specific locations. For example, one marked the birthplace of Buddha. Others were found near populated areas to be seen by as many people as possible. The pillar edicts, between forty and fifty feet in height, weighed up to fifty tons. They were all quarried between 247 and 242 BCE in the Chunar Hills along the Ganges River and sometimes transported over one hundred miles to the location where they were erected. The pillars were originally capped with a roaring lion, a bull, or a spirited horse. These stone works reflected the great art and design of the Indian culture. The history regarding Ashoka was chiefly known from these rock and pillar edicts. This research shows the transformation that occurred in the country of India because of Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism. First, this study investigates the three aggressive generations of the Mauryan Dynasty to provide background and to shed light on the caliber of leadership training Ashoka received from his upbringing. One must understanding Ashoka’s family history in order to comprehend the difference he made after his conversion. Secondly, this research covers the causes of Ashoka’s conversion, which builds an understanding of the personal and political benefits for him. His remorse and shame after a bloody battle, which he instigated and took responsibility for, were the catalyst to his conversion. The methodology for this paper places the highest emphasis on the translations of rock and pillar edicts found throughout the Indian subcontinent. These inscriptions are a primary source: Ashoka’s own words. From numerous readings of these edicts, evolves this research query: how much did India change after Ashoka’s conversion? The various edicts contain Ashoka’s interpretation of Buddhist doctrine, his personal changes, or India’s policy changes. Not every edict is documented in this paper for there is not room or need to do that. The edicts of primary impact on India are discussed. Scholars and translators have labeled and numbered the rock and pillar edicts inscribed by Ashoka. Most of the rock edicts were catalogued simply by the abbreviation RE with a number. For example, the fourteenth rock edict was labeled RE 14. The pillar edicts were handled the same way only using PE as the abbreviation. Sometimes the edicts listed the location in front of the abbreviation, as with Kalinga RE 1. This study uses these abbreviations within the text. Gokhale (1966) includes citations from Arthastastra, a book on government and economics written during the Mauryan Dynasty. This book is critical in understanding the impact of the changes Ashoka makes. How Ashoka Maurya’s Conversion to Buddhism Affected the History of India Ashoka Maurya was the third ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty about 263 BCE. After a bloody battle in Kalinga, he renounced brutality and endeavored to rule his empire rule according to the Buddhist doctrine of nonviolence. His grandfather and father did not follow Buddhism. Chandragupta, Ashoka’s grandfather, was the founder of the Mauryan Dynasty about 325 BCE. After Ashoka’s father, Bindusara, ruled for approximately twenty-five years, he handed the empire over to Ashoka. Northwestern India, in the fourth century BCE, consisted of independent tribes ineffective in uniting against outside resistance. Alexander conquered one tribe after another like a tornado ripping through the country. Yet after he returned to Greece, the leaders he left in place were soon murdered or overthrown. There was not enough support to sustain Alexander’s conquests. The significance of the Greek invasions and aftermath for India was that â€Å"Alexander had shattered the power of numerous petty kingdoms†¦ and created a military turbulence and a political weakness that were soon exploited by Chandragupta Maurya† (Gokhale 25). The young, strong, and ruthless Chandragupta, an opportunist with Kautalya’s encouragement, took advantage of this time to seize power. Under Chandragupta, the empire enjoyed great success. Much of the wealth came from widespread foreign trade with Greece, Rome, and China. The affluence was not gained for him, but he used the wealth to improve his empire, including irrigation systems and new roads. His example of investing in the empire would later be seen with Ashoka. Megasthenes, a Greek historian living in India at the time, recorded his personal observations concerning the Mauryan rule in Indika. Gokhale quoted excerpts from Indika: Ashoka’s father, Bindusara, extended the Mauryan Empire and conquered the land between the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. At the time of Bindusara’s death, about 273 BCE, almost the entire Indian subcontinent was part of the Mauryan Dynasty. The only troublesome territory was Kalinga on the eastern coast. His son, Ashoka, would eventually obtain this area by brutal force and regret thisaction for the rest of his life. Ashoka was next in line to rule the flourishing Mauryan Dynasty. During the first years of Ashoka’s rule, he was as warlike as his grandfather conquering tribes in the east and earning the name â€Å"one without sorrow. † The province of Kalinga, a rich and fertile land outside Ashoka’s empire, remained independent and was particularly troublesome to him. Ashoka determined that the future of his empire was threatened, if he did not control Kalinga. Another motive for wanting control of this province was that valuable trade routes passed through it. About 261 BCE in the eighth year of his reign, Ashoka marched towards Kalinga. King Ashoka’s reaction to the battle was unique. â€Å"Never before in the history of humanity, nor afterwards, has a king publicly expressed genuine grief for a deed commonly regarded as the legitimate business of kings. The war of Kalinga was the first and last war waged by Ashoka† (Gokhale 59). History did not record exactly when Ashoka converted to Buddhism, but his own words in stone certainly recorded the impact this battle had on his moving towards the non-violent doctrine of Buddhism. Some historians believed that Ashoka had already converted before the battle at Kalinga. Scholars felt his commitment to the non-violent doctrine of Buddhism simply grew after he witnesses the destruction (Guruge 52). Using the dates of K. Rangaswami, Ashoka was crowned as king and joined the Buddhists as a laymen the same year, 269 BCE (145). The battle at Kalinga was fought three years later. Rock inscriptions found in three different sites said: â€Å"I did not progress well for a year. † Another important piece to understanding why Ashoka chose Buddhism was his upbringing. His early education under Hindu beliefs paralleled particular Buddhist doctrine, including the importance of one’s dharma, or moral duty. Ashoka was raised under the teachings Kautalya, a Brahmin and a contemporary of Aristotle. Kautalya’s ideologies regarding a king’s responsibilities were recorded in his book, Arthashastra, literally meaning principles of wealth. The writings expanded beyond wealth to a pragmatic philosophy regarding all the responsibilities of statehood: taxation, administration, law, diplomacy, trade, labor, and land occupancy. The Arthashastra explained that a king had two objectives: â€Å"one of which was the exercise of power, and the other the practice of benevolence† (Gokhale 39). This balance was ingrained in the Mauryan rulers as all three were raised under Kautalya’s principles of statehood. Kautalya taught that power â€Å"could be legitimate only if used in pursuit of the dharma† (Gokhale 38). Dharma was a central concept in both Hinduism and Buddhism. Ashoka embraced the doctrine of dharma before his conversion for this belief was part of Kautalya’s training. Buddhism was appealing to this king because he was comfortable with dharma. The Mauryan king eventually rejected the Brahmin’s teaching regarding the necessary show of force, and became infamous for proclaiming dharma in every area of government. Who was personally responsible for Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism? The rock and pillar inscriptions did not give one-person credit. History recorded a few personal encounters Ashoka had with Buddhists: his nephew, a monk in northern India and his first wife. These experiences were a positive influence in his choice of Buddhism. Ashoka throughout his whole life, before and after conversion, was tolerant and respectful of all religions. Not only did he permit all faiths to worship freely, he often invited them to the palace for their advice. Mahavamsa, a Sri Lankan Buddhist text from the fifth century CE, told the tale of how dissatisfied Ashoka was after a session with Brahmins and holy men of other sects regarding the distribution of charity moneys (Gokhale 61). He stood by the palace window and noticed a young man, Nigrodha. It turned out that Nigrodha was his nephew, the son of Ashoka’s elder brother, who had been killed in a struggle for the throne after Bindusara. Given audience with the king, his nephew preached a sermon; Ashoka heard Buddhist doctrine from a family relation. The Sanskrit Buddhist text, Divyavadana gave a monk, Upagupta, the credit for Ashoka’s conversion. A whole sequence of Buddhist stories concerning Ashoka, the proverbial poster child for this religion, was quite contradictory making it hard to give them much credence. Buddhist texts tended to glorify Ashoka’s conversion (understandably so for he was great advertisement). Regardless, one can imagine that a personal encounter with a very convincing monk made an impression on Ashoka. The most historically documented encounter Ashoka had with Buddhism was with Devi, his first wife. At approximately age eighteen, Ashoka was given the responsibility to govern Avanti, a province in central India. Here tribal villages were often rebelling against their incorporation into the Mauryan Dynasty. Avanti was vital to the Mauryan Empire for its agriculture (wheat in particular), its trade, and its commerce (Gokhale 39). This province was a center for Buddhism with two major monasteries located near important trade routes that connected southern and western cities. The deeply entwined political and religious climate during Ashoka’s lifetime was an important clue in understanding his choice of Buddhism. Hinduism, the major religion at the time of Ashoka, began between 2000 BCE and 1500 BCE with the entrance of the Aryans, nomadic herders from central Asia. By the third century BCE, Buddhism (still considered a sect) was emerging as an adversary to many Hindu social values, in particular the priestly hierarchy. History would later show that it was Ashoka’s attention to Buddhism that was the catalyst for its growth into a major religion in India. Economically, Buddhism was advantageous to Ashoka, also. Partially due to the Buddhist influence, the Indian social hierarchy started to see a transfer in power. Buddha’s teachings encouraged the people to reevaluate the Brahmin traditions, including the need for priests. The authority of the Brahmins was slowly shifting away to favor the merchant class. Prior to the Mauryan Dynasty and certainly during it, India was enjoying strong economical advantages. The development of trade and commerce was partially due to the growth of several trade routes crisscrossing northern, central, and western India. Many factors contributed to Ashoka’s conversion and choice of Buddhism. Ashoka had many emotional, pre-existing connections to move him in the direction of a non-violent philosophy. The battle at Kalinga produced a deep-rooted emotional response as he declared in a rock edict that he was filled with remorse, sorrow and regret. His personal encounters with a nephew, a monk, and, most importantly, a woman he loved, Devi, all contributed to favorably looking towards Buddhism. As the ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty, he wanted to provide the best for his people, and politically, Buddhism was becoming more popular than the ritualistic Brahmin ways. With many encounters with this rising religion, it was not surprising to see the third ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty embrace Buddhism. Ashoka Maurya transformed himself and his state before the very eyes of his people. He changed from a ruler trained in the Indian tradition of military conquest to a benevolent monarch. His desire for his people was inscribed in stone: â€Å"All men are my people†¦ I desire that they be provided with complete welfare and happiness in this world† (Kalinga RE 1). India for him was now a large family over whom he presided with the Buddhism as his guide. The concept of dharma was not solitary to Buddhism alone. Hindus, Jains and other popular sects at that time included a code of ethics. Dharma was part of the currency of ethical norms propounded by various teachers (Thapar 32). What made Ashoka unique was that as the most powerful man on the Indian subcontinent, he adopted a policy of goodness to all (previous enemies included) and non-violence in domestic and foreign affairs.

Textile Mill Scheduling - 760 Words

Textile Mill Scheduling Problem formulation †¢ Variable assignment on the length of each fabric produced and purchased: X1 - Length of fabric 1 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X2 - Length of fabric 2 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X3 - Length of fabric 3 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X4 - Length of fabric 4 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X5 - Length of fabric 5 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X6 - Length of fabric 3 in Yards produced as regular looms X7 - Length of fabric 4 in Yards produced as regular looms X8 - Length of fabric 5 in Yards produced as regular looms X9 - Length of fabric 1 in Yards purchased X10 - Length of fabric 2 in Yards purchased X11 - Length of fabric 3 in Yards purchased X12 - Length of fabric 4 in Yards purchased X13 - Length of fabric 5 in Yards purchased †¢ Monthly Data for Scottsville Textile Mill Fabrics Fabric 1 Fabric 2 Fabric 3 Fabric 4 Fabric 5 Demand, D 16,500 22,000 62,000 7,500 62,000 Selling Price, S 0.99 0.86 1.1 1.24 0.7 Variable Cost, V 0.66 0.55 0.49 0.51 0.5 Purchase price, P 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 †¢ Cost Fabric Manufacturing cost (Selling Price- Variable Cost) Purchasing Cost (Selling price- Purchase Price) 1 0.99-0.66= 0.33 0.99-0.8= 0.19 2 0.86-0.55= 0.31 0.86-0.7= 0.16 3 1.1-0.49= 0.61 1.1-0.6= 0.5 4 1.24-0.51= 0.73 1.24-0.7= 0.54 5 0.7-0.5= 0.2 0.7-0.7= 0 †¢ Working Hour in a Month Dobbie: 8 looms x 24 hours x 30 days= 5760 hours Regular: 30 looms x 24 hours x 30 days= 21600 hours †¢ Yard per hour FabricShow MoreRelatedCase Problem: Textile Mill Scheduling1087 Words   |  5 PagesCase Problem: Textile Mill Scheduling Assuming, X1 = Yards of fabric 1 purchased X2 = Yards of fabric 1 on dobbie looms X3 = Yards of fabric 2 purchased X4 = Yards of fabric 2 on dobbie looms X5 = Yards of fabric 3 purchased X61 = Yards of fabric 3 on dobbie looms X62 = Yards of fabric 3 on regular looms X7 = Yards of fabric 4 purchased X81 = Yards of fabric 4 on dobbie looms X82 = Yards of fabric 4 on regular looms X9 = Yards of fabricRead MoreHow the Industrial Revolution Affects Us Today5039 Words   |  21 Pagesthe raw materials, paid for the work, and took the risk of finding a market for their products. 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